In a study of 167 patients (57 ischemic, 32 ICH, 41 TIA, and 37 mimics) at 4.5 h after symptom onset, S100A12, together with eotaxin, egfr, MMP 4, and prolactin showed a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 84%, PPV 78%, and NPV 93% in differentiating strokes (ischemic and haemorrhagic) from mimics [48]. This evidence concerns the gene CCL11 and stroke disorder.