To understand the role of ANCO1 in the initiation and progression of breast cancer, we used the human immortalized mammary epithelial cell line MCF10A (10A) as a model of the pre-malignant stage [19] and the MCFDCIS (DCIS) cell line as a model for early-stage triple-negative ductal carcinoma in situ [20]. The gene discussed is ANKRD11; the disease is breast carcinoma.