TNF and asthma: In ASMC (airway smooth muscle cells) taken from adult subjects suffering from asthma during bronchoscopy, the increased production of the lncRNA (long non-coding RNA) NEAT1 (nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1) was shown, which reduces the expression of miRNA-139 and is a signal for the phosphorylation of JAK3/STAT5 (Janus kinase 3/signal transducer and activator of transcription 5), leading to the synthesis of TNF-a, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1b.