AFP and neoplasm: DCs expressing alpha-fetoprotein(aFP) induced a substantial decrease in proliferation and a minor delay in tumor development in pre-established in vivo subcutaneous and orthotopic HCCs, whereas a combination of aFP- and CD40L-expressing DCs had a synergistic impact related to an increased Th1-cytokine level, tumor invasion by cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and tumor apoptosis [177].