As demonstrated by Ghosh et al., low-dose γ-irradiation (100–300 mGy) caused an increase in HRS in G2/M phase in human tumour cells and caused the drastic (−50%) downregulation of cellular adhesion proteins, such as connexin 43, a transmembrane protein involved in the formation of gap junctional channels (in bystander cells) [180]. The gene discussed is GJA1; the disease is neoplasm.