IGF1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Hormone receptor status, as well as the expression of Ki-67, p53, and key molecules in the IGF-1/PI3K/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway, were assessed by immunohistochemical and immunoblotting analyses to evaluate the efficacy of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-(DMBA) induced mammary carcinogenesis in WNIN/GR-Ob rats as a coincident model of IGT/obesity and breast tumor.