IGF1 and neoplasm: It was observed that the expression of signaling molecules IGF-1, IGF-1R, pIRS-1, PI3 kinase, pAkt, pGSK-3, β-catenin, and VEGF was elevated in the breast tumor tissues of obese rats compared to lean rats and that the expression of these signaling molecules was elevated in tumor tissue compared to respective control breast tissues (Figure 4 and Figure 5).