VDR and hepatocellular carcinoma: Vitamin D-VDR signaling may also reduce the development and severity of liver diseases [29,30], including HBV and HCV infections, autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), liver cirrhosis, primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), by regulating signaling pathways that control the expression of anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and antifibrotic genes [5,31].