S1PR1 and Alzheimer disease: KRO-105714 (Figure 1b, Figure 3b and Figure 4b), a dual antagonist of sphingosylphosphorylcholine and S1PR1 in topical form, was able to show showcase its safety and efficacy in multiple in vivo AD models and alleviate its symptoms through reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines [120].