AHR and pulmonary emphysema: Similar findings by Ikeda et al. [27] corroborated our findings, they showed that the group that received OVA and elastase in combination displayed a significant increase in the AHR, leukotriene levels, and CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts in the BALF compared to animals that received airway challenge asthma or elastase-induced emphysema alone.