Epithelial injury biomarkers, such as the receptor for the advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and surfactant protein D (SP-D), are increased in patients with direct lung injuries, and endothelial injury biomarkers, such as angiopoietin 2 (Ang-2), are increased in patients with indirect lung injuries, e.g., associated with pancreatitis [5,6]. This evidence concerns the gene AGER and pancreatitis.