The OCA1 subtype occurs mainly in fair-skinned populations such as Europeans, and it is also the most common form of albinism for the Han Chinese population [44]; the OCA2 form has a major incidence in the African American population, whereas OCA3, also called “rufous albinism”, occurs in the African population, and is not reported in the fair-skinned populations [45]; OCA4 is the last most studied form of albinism and is reported to occur in approximately 18% of Japanese patients, but it results to be rare in other Asian populations [46]. The gene discussed is TYR; the disease is albinism.