In a proteomic study using label-free comparative techniques to analyze urinary exosomes, it was demonstrated that the urinary exosomal bikunin precursor and histone-lysine N-methyltransferase were increased, whereas voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 (VDAC1) was decreased in diabetic nephropathy [167]. The gene discussed is VDAC1; the disease is diabetic kidney disease.