The detailed annotation of cell types at the single-cell level, which facilitated our investigation of the tumor microenvironment (TME); accordingly, we found abundances of major linear cell types within the NSCLC TME, and these cell types included malignant cells, fibroblasts, epithelial cells, plasma, CD8 T cells, T proliferation cells, endothelial cells, basal cells, alveolar cells, and mono cells (Figure 6A). This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and non-small cell lung carcinoma.