NGF and schizophrenia: Various studies have shown that levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), platelet-derived growth factor with two subunits B (PDGF-BB), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) were significantly elevated, while the levels of fibroblast growth factor (FGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and nerve growth factor (NGF) were significantly reduced in patients with schizophrenia [23,27,28,29].