VEGFA and endothelial dysfunction: In this regard, the study of angiogenesis mediators (such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) −A and −B, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), angiopoietin (Ang)-2, macrophage chemotactic factor (MCP)-1 and stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1), along with galectin-3 and MMP-9 production in the heart [12,13] can help to establish the mechanisms of angiogenesis and angiopoietic endothelial dysfunction in CHD with and without ICMP.