A recent study carried out on 1213 Chinese patients with de novo AML reported a frequency of AMLs with MDS-related gene mutations of 3.1% in younger NPM1-mut AML patients and of 13.5% in older NPM1-mut AML patients; these MDS-related gene mutations were significantly less frequent in NPM1-mut AML patients than in NPM1-WT AML patients [78]. Here, NPM1 is linked to myelodysplastic syndrome.