In a mouse model of tobacco carcinogenesis, a combination of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and aromatase inhibitors resulted in smaller tumors and decreased circulating E2 and IL-6 levels, tumor-infiltrating macrophages, and the expression of tumor Ki-67, phospho–MAPK, phospho–STAT3, and IL-17A [57]. This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and neoplasm.