We dissected SCLC subtypes to delineate the tumor microenvironment (TME) implicated in platinum-drug resistance: ASCL1+ (SCLC-A) subtype of the neuroendocrine type resembled RB1/TP53-mutant non-SCLC; inflammatory (SCLC-I) subtype presented CD8+/PD-L1+ T-cell infiltration and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT); NEUROD1 (SCLC-N) subtype showed neurotransmission process activation; and POU2F3+ (SCLC-P) subtype showed upregulated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here, RB1 is linked to small cell lung carcinoma.