MTOR and infection: In this regard, Mannick and coworkers reported that in a clinical trial combined application of the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor BEZ235 and the mTOR inhibitor everolimus to elderly patients attenuated the rate of observed infections and increased CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses after influenza vaccination, which was accompanied by a decrease in expression of the T cell inhibitory receptor programmed cell death protein (PD)-1 [410].