Current guidelines and practice in CKD define a threshold of 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 with eGFRcreat, suggesting that cystatin C or a combination calculation eGFR can detect patients at risk of cardiovascular disease, particularly patients with deteriorating renal function much earlier, and well above what is currently considered normal renal function [6,7,50]. Here, CST3 is linked to cardiovascular disorder.