Manfrevola et al. (2021) [37] took their research a step further by focusing on specific genes that have recently been associated with asthenozoospermia: CRISP2, CATSPER1, and PATE1. All three mRNAs were significantly reduced in B SPZ compared to A SPZ of asthenozoospermic patients, and then the researchers used bioinformatics tools to construct the ceRNA networks that potentially regulate the expression of these genes. Here, CATSPER1 is linked to Reduced sperm motility.