In animal models of obesity and NAFLD, TIIA attenuated weight gain, dyslipidemia, plasma levels of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β, and oxidative stress markers by inhibiting toll-like receptor (TLR)4/NF-κB signaling pathway and upregulating PPARγ [95]. This evidence concerns the gene PPARG and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.