Our findings indicate that (a) decreased peripheral NGF production is involved in the pathophysiology of depression and at least partially mediates the effects of ACEs on the phenome of depression; and (b) the decreases in NGF relative to increases in neurotoxic immune products and other growth factors that stimulate the cytokine network indicate an imbalance between neuroprotective and detrimental pathways. This evidence concerns the gene NGF and depressive symptom measurement.