Neuroprotection after ischemic stroke has been studied in the last few years and some factors have been highlighted as neuroprotective: besides Nrf2 [13], other factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which is important for neurogenesis and neuronal plasticity [14], and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), which mediates neurogenesis and angiogenesis and activates autophagy by microglial cells [15]. The gene discussed is BDNF; the disease is ischemic stroke.