MTOR and diabetes mellitus: As a component of the mTOR pathway, the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) modulates cellular metabolism [106,169,198,237,378,381,382,394,432,433], and the activation of AMPK reduces cognitive loss in studies of DM and AD [434,435], removes cerebral Aβ [436] and tau [437], limits Aβ neurotoxicity [392], diminishes long-term inflammation in in the nervous system [10,71,438,439], and fosters pathways for healthy aging [6,440,441].