Dysregulation of the peripheral immune system has also been previously reported, with an increased expression observed in genes associated with adaptive immune cells (CD19+ B-cells, CD4+ T-cells, and CD8+ T-cells) and decreased expression in genes associated with innate immune cells (CD33+ myeloid cells, CD14+ monocytes, BDCA4+ dendritic cells, and CD56+ natural killer cells) in FTD participants compared to healthy aging [36]. This evidence concerns the gene NCAM1 and frontotemporal dementia.