Interestingly, the CYFIP1 gene has been identified as a candidate risk gene for autism [32,33], and significantly decreased levels of CYFIP1 mRNA have been observed in a subgroup of individuals with FXS and the Prader–Willi-like phenotype, as compared to controls, although the clinical phenotypic implications of this observation are not yet fully clear [34]. The gene discussed is CYFIP1; the disease is fragile X syndrome.