BRAF and melanoma: For high-risk melanoma, surgical excision is supplemented with adjuvant chemotherapy, while unresectable stage III–IV tumors can undergo immunotherapy (pembrolizumab, nivolumab, ipilimumab, relatlimab, IL-2), become targeted by signal-transduction inhibitors (BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib or dabrafenib, MEK inhibitor trametinib or cobimetinib, and KIT inhibitor imatinib mesylate), or classical chemotherapy agents (dacarbazine, temozolomide, cisplatin, vinblastine, carmustine, tamoxifen, and paclitaxel) [3].