GCG and Insulin resistance: Berberine is known to reduce blood glucose levels, increase insulin secretion, reduce body weight and lipid levels, attenuate glucose tolerance and insulin resistance by activating the 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, increase glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels, attenuate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, reverse mitochondrial dysfunction, and suppress inflammation [29].