The Nrf2 knockout (Nrf2 KO) mice displayed symptoms of imbalance in cellular homeostasis and many hallmarks of the early and late phases of AMD pathology, i.e., SD deposits, RPE deficiency and hypopigmentation, lipofuscin autofluorescence, BrM thickening, and symptoms of GA/AMD. The gene discussed is NFE2L2; the disease is age-related macular degeneration.