In the present study, some found that melatonin increased the expression of SIRT1 in lung tissues of rats with COPD, while inhibition of SIRT1 by EX527 abolished the protective effect of melatonin against COPD, exhibiting the deteriorated lung function, the increased inflammatory cells and IL-1β level. The gene discussed is SIRT1; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.