The 134 genes in common between BPD-CpGs and BPD-DEGs (e.g., CCL5, HLA-DQA2, IL18RAP, LCK, SELP) may play key roles in granulocyte inflammation and innate and adaptive immune responses (Additional file 1: Table S3; Additional file 2: Fig. S2B). This evidence concerns the gene IL18RAP and bronchopulmonary dysplasia.