In addition, BPD-CpG annotated genes observed on day 28 (Fig. 5B) were involved in immune and inflammatory events, including activation of immune and inflammatory cells, phagosome formation, infection, and platelet development (e.g., FCGR2A, GPR55, IGKV1-37, NFIB, TNFSF8), nucleotide metabolism (e.g., ADARB2, NME6), cholesterol metabolism (e.g., CYP27A1, MBTBS1), and oxidative stress (e.g., ALOX12, MAFF, NXN). Here, MAFF is linked to bronchopulmonary dysplasia.