SCN8A and ethylmalonic encephalopathy: In the # 1 “epileptic encephalopathy” cluster, EE usually includes refractory epilepsy, various types of motor disorders, and different degrees of developmental retardation.[28] The diagnosis rate of younger patients, especially those with seizures during the neonatal period, is higher in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy.[29] In recent years, many new mutations have been identified in individuals with epilepsy encephalopathy, including SCN8A, KCNT1, and other gene mutations.[30,31]