In atopic dermatitis, the majority of trials investigated infants and have reported reductions in Bifidobacterium [21,22] Staphylococcus aureus [21] and mucin-degrading bacteria [23] when compared to healthy controls, while increases in lactic acid bacteria [22], Escherichia coli [24], Clostridia and a subspecies of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii [25] have been reported in infants with atopic dermatitis. This evidence concerns the gene MUC5AC and atopic eczema.