INS and peripheral vascular disease: Woods et al. found that diabetic patients experienced significantly more mortality than the patients without diabetes (RR, 1.67; p < 0.004), and diabetes treated with insulin (RR = 2.08) or oral agents (RR = 1.68), age (RR = 1.54), current smoker (RR = 1.72), former smoker (RR = 1.50), peripheral vascular disease (RR = 1.50) and HTN (RR = 1.40) were all independent predictors of cardiac mortality at 5 years (adjusted RR = 1.49, p = 0.001) [30,31].