In particular, the utilisation of a discriminatory VNTR panel consisting of ETR-C, QUB26, QUB11b, MIRU04, and QUB323, or alternatively including ETR-A, ETR-B, QUB11a, and MIRU26, can provide valuable insights into the molecular epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in Nigeria. The gene discussed is PPIB; the disease is Tuberculosis, Bovine.