Intriguingly, increased NLRP1 expression found in the inflamed colon of UC patients, is positively correlated with IFN-γ gene expression and negatively correlated with the abundance of the Clostridiales bacterial species, which are suggested to have an anti-inflammatory effect in IBD [114], thus further supporting the presence of complex relationships between the microbiome and the inflammasomes. Here, NLRP1 is linked to irritable bowel syndrome.