TNF and hypertensive disorder: This may be because Malassezia yeast enhances the issue of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) keratinocytes which cause concomitant upregulation of the Ang-II type I receptor and transforming growth factor-β1 which leads to the pathogenesis of hypertension [14].