NR1H4 and Hyperglycemia: (37) demonstrated that B. fragilis colonization in high-fat diet-fed mice led to more severe metabolic dysfunction and hyperglycemia mediated by increased bile acid glycoursodeoxycholic acid (GUDCA) via intestinal farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signaling, and the gold standard drug, metformin, mitigates metabolic dysfunction via the B. fragilis–GUDCA–intestinal FXR axis.