PAPPA-AS1 and urinary bladder carcinoma: Numerous examples were found by high throughput approaches, including microarray and next generation sequencing, for instance, TMPRSS2-ETS (24, 25) and D2HGDH-GAL3ST2 (26) in prostate cancer, LHX6-NDUFA8 and SLC2A11-MIF in cervical cancer (27), GOLM1-MAK10 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) (28), EML4-ALK in non-small cell lung (NSCLC) (29), CHFR-GOLGA3 in Bladder cancer (30), RRM2-C2orf48 in colorectal cancer (CRC) (31), and ASTN2-PAPPAas in esophageal cancer (32).