LHB and cocaine dependence: As our previous studies showed that MS activates an LH–LHb pathway to inhibit the mesolimbic DA system and cocaine addiction–like behaviors (Chang et al., 2017; Ahn et al., 2021; Lee et al., 2022), we hypothesized that the MS effects on cocaine addiction–like behaviors may be mediated via an orexinergic pathway from the LH to the LHb.