The upregulation and activation of EGFR in response to MAPK pathway inhibition have been described in several cancer types and are known to limit the effect of MEK inhibitors [39, 40, 41, 42], but to date and to the best of our knowledge, upregulation of EGFR in response to inhibition of the MAPK pathway has not been studied in HNSCC. The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is cancer.