IGF1 and cardiac hypertrophy: The progression of cardiac hypertrophy is also associated with dysregulated IGF signaling, intracellular NAD levels, activation of autophagy, as well as upregulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) (Sundaresan et al., 2012; Liu et al., 2014; Zhang X. et al., 2016; Lu et al., 2016).