CD274 and neoplasm: To identify a cohort to compare the clinical utility of IRS versus PD-L1 IHC and/or TMB, we identified all eligible NCT03061305 patients [including those in the discovery cohort (20) given the limited numbers] treated with anti-PD-(L)1 therapy (± chemotherapy) and available PD-L1 IHC (from above; n = 177 eligible), and identified and included an additional 12 eligible patients with PD-L1 IHC by SP142 [reported as tumor-infiltrating immune cell (IC) score] (Supplementary Fig. S2; Supplementary Methods S1).