IARS1 and neoplasm: Finally, we applied three-group IRS status (IRS-UL, IRS-IL, and IRS-H) to a 1,229-line validation cohort from five relevant tumor types, where we showed that rwPFS did not significantly differ between anti-PD-(L)1 + chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in IRS-UL patients, and rwPFS did not significantly differ between anti-PD-(L)1 + chemotherapy vs. anti-PD-(L)1 alone in IRS-H patients.