NLRP3 and neoplasm: After treatment with PD-1 inhibitors, in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that the activation of CD8+ T cells can cause a signaling cascade mediated by endogenous PD-L1/NLRP3 inflammasomes, resulting in the recruitment of polymorphonuclear-MDSCs into tumor tissues, thereby suppressing the anti-tumor immune response (69).