In the hypoxic microenvironment of colorectal cancer, mast cells synthesize hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) to ensure their own degranulation potential; thus, MC-derived HIF-1α is associated with the release of inflammatory factors (VEGF, IL-6, TGF-β, etc.), and MCs can promote angiogenesis and tumour metastasis by synthesizing HIF-1α (151). Here, HIF1A is linked to colorectal cancer.