Of note, IL-33 is expressed in the tumour epithelium of human colorectal cancer adenomas and carcinomas, and IL-33 activates mast cells and subepithelial myofibroblasts (SEMFs) to express and release ECM components and remodeling proteins, growth factors and angiogenesis modulators, and cytokines to develop a tissue microenvironment that is conducive to polyposis (132). Here, IL33 is linked to carcinoma.