Recent studies demonstrated that CD4+ and/or CD8+ TSCM cells play a vital role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (34, 38), aplastic anemia (AA) (34), autoimmune uveitis (34), T1D (25, 35), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (39, 40), and immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) (41). The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.