CD4 and autoimmune disease: Recent studies demonstrated that CD4+ and/or CD8+ TSCM cells play a vital role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (34, 38), aplastic anemia (AA) (34), autoimmune uveitis (34), T1D (25, 35), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (39, 40), and immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) (41).