Higher resolution human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-I typing on 179 patients with NSCLC treated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 found that homozygosity at one or more HLA-I loci was associated with a reduced risk of irAE, including pruritus and rash (relative risk (RR) = 0.61, 95% CI 0.33 − 0.95, P = 0.035) and this could also serve as a biomarker (167). This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.