BIRC3 and urinary bladder cancer: Although the expression of cIAP1 examined by immunohistochemical testing is highly correlated to bladder cancer TNM stage, tumor grade, disease recurrence, and tumor-related death (93) and cIAP2 precise function and substrate specificity is unclear, previous studies have a common sense that there is redundancy between cIAP1 and cIAP2 in the regulation of cell death (94, 95).