In addition, compared with T2DM group, CCPP could upregulate SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and GSH levels, whereas downregulated AGE and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) levels (Xia et al., 2020; Lin C. et al., 2021). Here, TGFB1 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.